Image forgery detection and correction

Abstract

The first study proposes a quick and fully automatic JPEG image detecting algorithm. JPEG photos are our primary focus because they are the most extensively used image format. JPEG may be the most used image format in digital cameras because of its storage efficiency. The DQ effect is the foundation of our method. The DQ effect, to put it simply, is the appearance of periodic peaks and valleys in the histograms of the discrete cosine transform, DCT, coefficients.) In the second study, a statistical test is proposed to distinguish between original and forged regions in JPEG images, with the assumption that the former is twice compressed while the latter is single compressed. New probability models for the DCT coefficients of singly and doubly compressed regions, as well as a trustworthy method for calculating them, are proposed for estimating the primary quantization factor in the case of double compression.