Facets of societal and organizational cultures and managers work related thoughts and feelings

Abstract

lthough cirlture consists of the totality of assumptions, beliefs, values, behaviour, and their artifacts, values are considered to be the core of a culture (Hofstede, 1980; Kluckhohn & Strodtebeck, 1961; Leung et al., 2002). Hofstede mapped Indian culture in terms offour values-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. Triandis and Bhalvuk (1997) combined the first two to label Indian culture as vertical collectivist. Others (Sinha & Verma, 1987;Triandis,1995; Verma 1999; Verma & Triandis, 1998) supported the view that Indians are collectivists. Being collectivists, they are also high on context sensitivity (Ramanujan, 1990; Sinha & Kanungo, 1997) and low on abstract thinking (Kedia & Bhagat, 1988). Further, Indians are also characterised by the values of paternalism (Aycan, Sinha, & Kanungo, 1999).