The competitiveness conundrum: literature review and reflections
Abstract
The concept of competitiveness has been studied by researchers from a variety of perspectives using different
methodologies. Though there is a large volume of literature on the subject, there is a dearth of systematic reviews
of the extant literature. This paper is an attempt in that direction. It presents a classificatory scheme using two
dimensions - level of analysis (nation, industry and firm) and types of variables used to explain competitiveness.
The implicit and explicit research questions addressed and issues related to definition, measurement and sources
of competitiveness at various levels are also discussed. It is suggested that given its complexity an eclectic approach
combining different schools of thought and using multiple measurement schemes would be appropriate for doing
research on competitiveness.
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