Sub-region (District) and sector level SO2 and NOX emissions for India: assessment of inventories and mitigation flexibility
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Date
2001-10-15Author
Garg, Amit
Shukla, P. R.
Bhattacharya, S.
Dadhwal, V. K.
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Show full item recordAbstract
Sub-regional and sector level distribution of SO2 and NOx emissions inventories for India have been estimated for all
the 466 Indian districts using base data for years 1990 and 1995. Although, national level emissions provide general
guidelines for assessing mitigation alternatives, but signi"cant regional and sectoral variability exist in Indian emissions.
Districts reasonably capture this variability to a "ne grid as 80% of these districts are smaller than 13]13 resolution with
60% being smaller than even 1/23]1/23. Moreover, districts in India have well-established administrative and institutional
mechanisms that would be useful for implementing and monitoring measures. District level emission estimates
thus o!er a "ner regional scale inventory covering the combined interests of the scienti"c community and policy makers.
The inventory assessment methodology adopted is similar to that prescribed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The sectoral decomposition at district level includes emissions from
fossil fuel combustion, non-energy emissions from industrial activities and agriculture. Total SO2 and NOx emissions
from India were 3542 and 2636 Gg, respectively (1990) and 4638 and 3462 Gg (1995) growing at annual rate of around
5.5%. The sectoral composition of SO2 emissions indicates a predominance of electric power generation sector (46%).
Power and transport sector emissions equally dominate NOx emissions contributing nearly 30% each. However,
majority of power plants are situated in predominantly rural districts while the latter are concentrated in large urban
centers. Mitigation e!orts for transport sector NOx emissions would therefore be higher. The district level analysis
indicates diverse spatial distribution with the top 5% emitting districts contributing 46.5 and 33.3% of total national SO2 and NOx emissions, respectively. This skewed emission pattern, with a few districts, sectors and point sources emitting
signi"cant SO2 and NOx
, o!ers mitigation #exibility to policy makers for cost-e!ective mitigation.
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